CHEMISTRY

1. Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

• Atoms, elements, and compounds
• Mixtures
• Development of atomic model
• Subatomic particles
• Relative atomic mass
• Electronic structure
• Periodic table
• Metals and non-metals
• Group 0
• Group 1
• Group 7

2. Bonding, Structure, and the Properties of Matter

• Ionic bonding
• Covalent bonding
• Metallic bonding
• Properties of ionic compounds
• Properties of simple molecules
• Properties of giant covalent structures
• Properties of metals and alloys
• States of matter
• Structure of carbon (diamond, graphite, graphene, fullerenes)
• Nanoparticles

3. Quantitative Chemistry

• Conservation of mass
• Relative formula mass
• Moles and molar mass
• Chemical equations
• Yield and atom economy
• Concentration of solutions
• Volumes of gases

4. Chemical Changes

• Reactivity series
• Reactions of acids
• With metals
• With bases
• With carbonates
• Electrolysis
• Molten compounds
• Aqueous solutions

5. Energy Changes

• Exothermic and endothermic reactions
• Reaction profiles
• Bond energy calculations

6. The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change

• Rate of reaction
• Factors affecting rate
• Catalysts
• Reversible reactions
• Dynamic equilibrium

7. Organic Chemistry

• Hydrocarbons
• Alkanes
• Alkenes
• Fractional distillation
• Cracking
• Reactions of alkenes and alcohols
• Polymers

8. Chemical Analysis

• Purity and formulations
• Chromatography
• Gas tests

9. Chemistry of the Atmosphere

• Composition and evolution of the atmosphere
• Greenhouse gases
• Pollutants

10. Using Resources

• Earth’s resources and potable water
• Life cycle assessment and recycling
• Materials
• Corrosion prevention
• Alloys
• Ceramics, polymers, composites
• Haber process and fertilizers

BIOLOGY

1. Cell Biology

• Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
• Animal and plant cells
• Cell specialisation
• Cell differentiation
• Microscopy
• Cell division (mitosis)
• Stem cells
• Transport in cells
• Diffusion
• Osmosis
• Active transport

2. Organisation

• Principles of organisation
• Animal tissues, organs, and organ systems
• Digestive system
• Circulatory system (heart, blood vessels, blood)
• Plant tissues, organs, and organ systems
• Photosynthesis
• Transport systems (xylem and phloem)

3. Infection and Response

• Communicable diseases
• Pathogens and disease
• Viral, bacterial, fungal, and protist diseases
• Human defence systems
• Vaccination
• Antibiotics and painkillers
• Discovery and development of drugs

4. Bioenergetics

• Photosynthesis
• Factors affecting photosynthesis
• Respiration
• Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
• Response to exercise
• Metabolism

5. Homeostasis and Response

• Principles of homeostasis
• The human nervous system
• Structure and function
• Reflex actions
• Hormonal coordination in humans
• Endocrine system
• Control of blood glucose
• Hormones in human reproduction
• Contraception
• Hormones to treat infertility
• Plant hormones

6. Inheritance, Variation, and Evolution

• Sexual and asexual reproduction
• Meiosis
• DNA and the genome
• Genetic inheritance
• Inherited disorders
• Sex determination
• Variation and evolution
• Natural selection
• Selective breeding
• Genetic engineering
• Cloning
• Theory of evolution
• Speciation
• Understanding of genetics

7. Ecology

• Levels of organisation
• Biotic and abiotic factors
• Adaptations
• Organisation of an ecosystem
• Food chains and webs
• Predator-prey cycles
• Biodiversity and the effect of human interaction on ecosystems
• Deforestation
• Global warming
• Maintaining biodiversity

8. Key Ideas

• The structure and function of cells
• The central role of enzymes in metabolism
• The structure and function of the circulatory system in animals
• The relationship between health and disease
• The importance of biodiversity
• The principles of genetics and evolution

PHYSICS

1. Energy

• Energy stores and systems
• Changes in energy
• Energy changes in systems
• Power
• Conservation and dissipation of energy
• National and global energy resources

2. Electricity

• Current, potential difference, and resistance
• Series and parallel circuits
• Domestic uses and safety
• Energy transfers
• Static electricity

3. Particle Model of Matter

• Density
• Changes of state
• Internal energy
• Temperature changes in a system and specific heat capacity
• Particle motion in gases
• Pressure in gases

4. Atomic Structure

• Atoms and isotopes
• The development of the model of the atom
• Radioactive decay and nuclear radiation
• Nuclear equations
• Half-lives and the random nature of radioactive decay
• Hazards and uses of radioactive emissions and of background radiation
• Nuclear fission and fusion

5. Forces

• Forces and their interactions
• Resultant forces
• Work done and energy transfer
• Forces and elasticity
• Moments, levers, and gears
• Pressure and pressure differences in fluids
• Atmospheric pressure
• Motion
• Speed and velocity
• The distance-time relationship
• Acceleration
• Newton’s laws of motion
• Forces and braking
• Momentum

6. Waves

• Transverse and longitudinal waves
• Properties of waves
• Reflection of waves
• Sound waves
• Waves for detection and exploration
• Electromagnetic waves
• The electromagnetic spectrum
• Properties and uses of electromagnetic waves
• Lenses
• Visible light
• Black body radiation

7. Magnetism and Electromagnetism

• Permanent and induced magnetism, magnetic forces, and fields
• The motor effect
• Induced potential, transformers, and the National Grid

8. Space Physics (Physics only)

• Solar system; stability of orbital motions; satellites
• Red-shift
• The Big Bang theory